Photophobia

Assessment of visual performance in relation to macular pigment density in human vision |

PURPOSE: Macular pigment (MP) is found in diurnal primate specieswhen vision spans a large range of ambient illumination and is mediated by cone and rod photoreceptors. Rods exhibit large spatial summation generating more sluggish responses. Rod and cone signals combine in the mesopic range and this can contribute to reduced contrast acuity and poor spatial/temporal resolution.

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Macular Pigment Optical Density and Photophobia | February 2004

PURPOSE: Two carotenoids regularly consumed in the human diet, lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z), accumulate in the central retina. Retinal L and Z, collectively referred to as macular pigment (MP), may protect the retina from free radical insult and photostress by acting as antioxidants and a short–wavelength filter. The light filtering properties of MP may also attenuate photophobia (

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